Parallax https://parallax.industries/ Independent research on the physical economy: hardware, energy, semiconductors and advanced manufacturing. Every piece examines one public claim and reaches a verdict. en-us Sat, 03 Oct 2026 17:04:40 GMT Terabase's 10 GW Promise: What a 20 MW-per-Week Outdoor Line Actually Has to Sustain https://parallax.industries/articles/terabase-energy-terafab-has-built-real-solar-plants-and-400 https://parallax.industries/articles/terabase-energy-terafab-has-built-real-solar-plants-and-400 Sun, 27 Sep 2026 05:10:11 GMT Terafab has built real solar plants, and V2 has cleared field testing. Ten gigawatts a year is a claim about ten lines running outdoors at rate, and the gap between a two-minute cycle and a quarter's output is where it is decided. The Silicon Is Real. The Factory Is the Question. https://parallax.industries/articles/ayar-labs-co-packaged-optics-is-real-and-ayars-silicon-399 https://parallax.industries/articles/ayar-labs-co-packaged-optics-is-real-and-ayars-silicon-399 Sun, 20 Sep 2026 23:04:11 GMT Ayar Labs has working co-packaged optics, more than $1 billion raised, and a production timeline that ends in 2027. What separates working silicon from a shipping product is qualification, and qualification runs on its own clock. The Factory Assumption Is Breaking: What It Takes to Make a Humanoid Robot Safe in a Home https://parallax.industries/articles/home-humanoid-robots-humanoid-safety-cases-assume-a-344 https://parallax.industries/articles/home-humanoid-robots-humanoid-safety-cases-assume-a-344 Sun, 13 Sep 2026 19:52:16 GMT Humanoid safety engineering was built for the factory and works there. The home removes the controls that the case depends on and adds hazards it never faced. Five requirements would close the gap. Four Cents a Kilowatt-Hour: Examining the Claim at the Heart of Exowatt's P3 https://parallax.industries/articles/exowatt-exowatts-p3-claim-under-4-cents-per-kwh-289 https://parallax.industries/articles/exowatt-exowatts-p3-claim-under-4-cents-per-kwh-289 Sat, 05 Sep 2026 00:26:54 GMT Four cents a kilowatt-hour of dispatchable solar would change grid economics. The claim rests on Stirling engines, modular manufacturing, and a thirty-year duty cycle. What the physics, the cost history, and the disclosures show. The Grid Is the Bottleneck: How 128-Week Lead Times, a Single Steel Mill, and 80% Import Dependence Are Constraining America's AI Buildout https://parallax.industries/articles/us-transformer-manufacturing-us-transformer-234 https://parallax.industries/articles/us-transformer-manufacturing-us-transformer-234 Fri, 28 Aug 2026 23:05:49 GMT The AI buildout runs on large power transformers: 128-week lead times, one domestic GOES mill, 80% import dependence. Where the constraint actually binds, and what it would take to unwind it. Can a Humanoid Working Beside People Be Made Safe? Figure AI Meets Its Binding Constraint https://parallax.industries/articles/figure-ai-whether-a-dynamically-stable-humanoid-working-206 https://parallax.industries/articles/figure-ai-whether-a-dynamically-stable-humanoid-working-206 Thu, 27 Aug 2026 22:55:08 GMT Humanoids working beside people would be one of the decade's defining products. The valuation assumes it; the safety case is the engineering that has to catch up. What that case requires from standards written for machines behind fences.